Mycobacterium infection is one of the global threats which are responsible for millions of deaths per year around the world. Major pathogen involved in mycobacterium infection is M. tuberculosis (MTB) however non- tuberculosis mycobacterium (NTM) infection is also responsible for the mortality in recent years. Most promising tools for the diagnosis of mycobacterium are acid-fast bacilli (AFB), tuberculin skin testing and chest X-ray. However these tools cannot differentiate MTB infection from NTM infection. Inflammation has caused NTM which leads to high concentration of CRP in pleural effusion. High level of CRP has several complications including the chance of development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, a clinical case of man was studied who was diagnosed with Non-tuberculosis mycobacterium (NTM) infection with symptoms same as reported MTB infection. C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation was found high in plural fluid after NTM infection. Though the treatment of NTM was completed in 7 months with no relapse however patients got type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Occurrence of T2DM could be because of high CRP in the body for a longer time. Though many reports show the positive diagnosis of NTM infection by RT-qPCR however this platform is not available in commercial diagnostic labs as the confirmatory test Genexpert platform is available for the diagnosis of MTB infection. With this report, author described the occurrence of T2DM because of high CRP level present in NTM infection. Further study has been required to establish the correlation between CRP and T2DM pathogenesis. It is recommended to use anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce the CRP in MTB and NTM infection at the initial stage of infection to avoid occurrence of T2DM in patients.

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