International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences
 
 
    ISSN 0975-6299
www.ijpbs.net


REVIEW ARTICLE
Int J Pharm Bio Sci Volume 13 Issue 1, January - March, Pages:1-8

Enzymosomes- A Pioneering Advancement in Targeted Vesicular Drug Delivery

 

Preeti Meshram ,Dr.Nisha Ranpise, Ramesh Gadekar, Bhagyashreewarude, Shyam Awate,Sharvari Chavan Dr.Trupti Tuse, Dipali Kulkarni,Hemlata Wadkar and Pallavi Nigade.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22376/ijpbs.2022.13.1.P1-8
Abstract:

Vesicles are colloidal particles which have a concentric bilayer made up of amphiphilic molecules surrounding an aqueous compartment. An innovative and currently emerging targeted vesicular drug delivery system (VDDS) that sustains the drug release at a predetermined rate and overcomes the limitation of conventional drug delivery systems.  The enzymes which have targeted catalytic function for a substrate are incorporated within cell-like structures having high lipophilicity.  These cell-like structures coupled covalently to the surface of enzyme improves absorption through a biological membrane and prevent degradation. Enzymes used includes Carboxypeptidase G2. β-Vesicles are colloidal particles that have a concentric bilayer made up of amphiphilic molecules surrounding an aqueous compartment. An innovative and currently emerging targeted vesicular drug delivery system (VDDS) which sustains the drug release at a predetermined rate and overcomes the limitation of conventional drug delivery systems.  The enzymes which have targeted catalytic function for a substrate are incorporated within cell-like structures having high lipophilicity.  These cell-like structures coupled covalently to the surface of the enzyme improve absorption through a biological membrane and prevent degradation.  Enzymes used include Carboxypeptidase G2, β-acylation which were made direct conjugation, physical adsorption, encapsulation methods to organize enzymosomes with targeted action. It also minimizes alterations within the normal enzymatic activity, thus enhancing half-life and achieving enzyme activity on targeted sites like cancerous cells. They are a promising substitute to standard treatment therapies of gout, anti-platelet activities, etc. This review discusses the various application of therapeutic enzymes coupled in VDDS, the composition of enzymology, its structure, advantages, disadvantages, various pharmacological targeted delivery, and medical applications of Lactamase, and lipids like Sphingolipids. Enzymes were linked through acylation, direct conjugation, physical adsorption, encapsulation methods to organize enzymosomes with targeted action. It also minimizes alterations within the normal enzymatic activity, thus enhancing half-life and achieving enzyme activity on targeted sites like cancerous cells. They are a promising substitute to standard treatment therapies of gout, anti-platelet activities, etc. This review also explains the incorporation of application of various therapeutic enzymes like SOD, Uricase, Candida utilis showing antiplatelet activity, anticancer, antiarthritic activities which summarises all case studies in a single article.

Keywords: Enzymosomes, VDDS, Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT), Virus-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (VDEPT), and Antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT), Superoxide Dismutase, Sphingolipids.
Full HTML:

REFERENCES

 

  1. Biju SS, Talegaonkar S, Mishra PR, Khar RK. Vesicular systems: an overview. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2006;68(2).
  2. Jain S, Jain V, Mahajan SC. Lipid Based Vesicular Drug Delivery Systems. Adv Pharm. 2014 Sep 2;2014:1-12. doi: 10.1155/2014/574673.
  1. Rao BN, Reddy KR, Mounika B, Fathima SR, Tejaswini A. Vesicular drug delivery system: a review. Int J ChemTech Res. 2019;12(5):39-53. doi: 10.20902/IJCTR.2019.120505.
  2. S. S, S. SC, Vijayan V, Nair SC. Enzymosomes: a rising effectual tool for targeted drug delivery system. Int J App Pharm. 2017 Nov 8;9(6):1. doi: 10.22159/ijap.2017v9i6.22556.
  3. Hundekar YR, Nanjwade BK, Mohamed AS, Idris NF, Srichana T. Nanomedicine to a tumor by enzymosomes. J NanotechnolNanomedNanobiotechnol. Vol. 2(004); 2015.
  4. Touitou E, Godin B, Dayan N, Weiss C, Piliponsky A, Levi-Schaffer F. Intracellular delivery mediated by an ethosomal carrier. Biomaterials. 2001 Nov 15;22(22):3053-9. doi: 10.1016/s0142-9612(01)00052-7, PMID 11575480.
  5. Das S, Chaudhury A. Recent advances in lipid nanoparticle formulations with solid matrix for oral drug delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2011 Mar;12(1):62-76. doi: 10.1208/s12249-010-9563-0, PMID 21174180.
  6. Popovska O. An overview: methods for preparation and characterization of liposomes as drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm Phytopharmacol Res. 2014 Feb 4;3(3).
  7. Power SD, Lochrie MA, Sevarino KA, Patterson TE, Poyton RO. AL and Randall, RJ (1951). J Biol Chem. 1984;193:265-75. Maarse AC, van Loon APGM, Riezman H, Gregor I, Schatz G, Grivell LA. EMBO J., 3. Mandel, M. and Higa, A.(1970) J. Mol. Biol., 53, 159-162. J Biol Chem. 1984;259:6564-70.
  8. Rouser G, Fkeischer S, Yamamoto A. Two dimensional then layer chromatographic separation of polar lipids and determination of phospholipids by phosphorus analysis of spots. Lipids. 1970 May;5(5):494-6. doi: 10.1007/BF02531316, PMID 5483450.
  9. Gaspar MM, Boerman OC, Laverman P, Corvo ML, Storm G, Cruz ME. Enzymosomes with surface-exposed superoxide dismutase: in vivo behaviour and therapeutic activity in a model of adjuvant arthritis. J Control Release. 2007 Feb 12;117(2):186-95. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.10.018, PMID 17169460.
  10. Ghanbarzadeh S, Valizadeh H, Zakeri-Milani P. Application of response surface methodology in development of sirolimus liposomes prepared by thin film hydration technique. Bioimpacts. 2013;3(2):75-81. doi: 10.5681/bi.2013.016, PMID 23878790.
  11. Tan QY, Zhang JQ, Wang N, Yang H, Li X, Xiong HR, Wu JY, Zhao CJ, Wang H, Yin HF. Improved biological properties and hypouricemic effects of uricase from Candida utilis loaded in novel alkaline enzymosomes. Int J Nanomedicine. 2012;7:3929-38. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S33835, PMID 22915844.
  12. Vale CA, Corvo ML, Martins LC, Marques CR, Storm G, Cruz ME, Martins MB. Construction of Enzymosomes: optimization of coupling parameters. NANOTECH. 2006;6:7-11.
  13. Chaikof EL, Haller CA, Cui W, Wen J, Robson SC. CD39 enzymosomes inhibit platelet activation in vitro and in vivo. J Surg Res. 2006 Feb 1;130(2):234-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2005.11.205.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[Download PDF]
Welcome to IJPBS,Pharmaceutics, Novel, drug, delivery, system, Nanotechnology, Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy
Pharmaceutical Fields
Welcome to IJPBS,Pharmaceutics, Novel, drug, delivery, system, Nanotechnology, Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy Pharmaceutics
Welcome to IJPBS,Pharmaceutics, Novel, drug, delivery, system, Nanotechnology, Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy Novel drug delivery system
Welcome to IJPBS,Pharmaceutics, Novel, drug, delivery, system, Nanotechnology, Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy Nanotechnology
Welcome to IJPBS,Pharmaceutics, Novel, drug, delivery, system, Nanotechnology, Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy Pharmacology
Welcome to IJPBS,Pharmaceutics, Novel, drug, delivery, system, Nanotechnology, Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy Pharmacognosy
© Copyright 2009-2015 IJPBS, India. All rights reserved. Specialized online journals by ubijournal. Website by Ubitech Solutions
         Home I Contact I Terms & Conditions