10.22376/ijpbs.2019.10.1.p1-12 Volume 8 Issue 1 2017 (January - March) Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder, exerts pathophysiological effects on the heart leads to impaired myocardial function, cardiac failure and dysfunction. Methylglyoxal (MG) is a protein and nucleic acid modifying agent which is accelerated under diabetic conditions and act as a major component in the diabetic environment. MG has been reported to affect cardiac fibroblasts function, induce peritoneal fibrosis, modifies platelet-derived growth factor receptor. In this review, the role of MG on atherosclerosis, ischemic reperfusion, angiogenesis under diabetic conditions were reviewed and discussed. Studies showed that MG triggers free radicals, alters cell signalling mechanism, stimulates apoptosis and modifies extracellular matrix proteins. The review suggests that MG can acts as a target molecule to develop pharmacological agents which might help to improve current treatment strategies towards cardiac dysfunction in diabetic condition. DEVIPRIYA NAGARAJAN, SUNILGOWDA SUNNAGHATTA NAGARAJA MG; Diabetes; Fibrosis; Cardiac dysfunction; Ischemia. 528-535