<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Journal>
<Journal-Info>
<name>International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences</name>
<website>ijpbs.net</website>
<email>editorijpbs@rediffmail.com (or) editorofijpbs@yahoo.com (or) prasmol@rediffmail.com</email>
</Journal-Info>
<article>
<article-id pub-id-type='other'>10.22376/ijpbs.2019.10.1.p1-12</article-id>
<issue_number>Volume 11 Issue 4</issue_number>
<issue_period>2020 (October-December)</issue_period>
<title><b>Synergistic Effect of Antibiotics and Enzymes </b><b>as Strategies For Combating </b><b>Biofilm Formation By <i>Pseudomonas Aeruginosa</i> Pao1 </b></title>
<abstract>Biofilms are surface attached communities of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and many other microorganisms. Potential biofilm formers are known as "ESKAPE'' which includes  lessThan i greaterThan Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa lessThan /i greaterThan  and lessThan i greaterThan  Enterobacter aerogenes lessThan /i greaterThan  . Among them,  lessThan i greaterThan Pseudomonas aeruginosa  lessThan /i greaterThan is considered as the most health injurious biofilm forming organism that causes nosocomial infections like ventilator associated pneumonia, chronic wound infections, chronic rhinosinusitis etc. Efficient removal of biofilm from medical devices is a big challenge to avoid hospital acquired infections as these devices are delicate and cannot be reprocessed using harsh chemicals or high temperature. Therefore, use of mild solutions for removal of biofilm is advisable. In the present study,  lessThan i greaterThan Pseudomonas aeruginosa  lessThan /i greaterThan PAO1 lessThan i greaterThan   lessThan /i greaterThan acted as potential biofilm former with 10% inoculum size in TSB medium. The biofilm of  lessThan i greaterThan P.aeruginosa  lessThan /i greaterThan PAO1 lessThan i greaterThan   lessThan /i greaterThan was studied microscopically and the results revealed that with time the number of cells increased and thick biofilm formation was observed with more Exopolysacharide production. Susceptibility of  lessThan i greaterThan P. aeruginosa  lessThan /i greaterThan PAO1 lessThan i greaterThan   lessThan /i greaterThan  against some antibiotics and enzymes were analyzed individually as well as in combinations using microtiter plate. The efficiency of antibiotics to eradicate biofilm was higher than the enzymes but the use of antibiotics alone required higher concentration to eradicate biofilm. While combination of enzymes and antibiotics can eradicate the biofilm at sub minimal concentration as well as that can minimize the load of antimicrobials in the environment. Therefore, in this study when combination of ciprofloxacin at sub MIC of 1.56 µg/ml was applied with lysozyme and protease, 68±0.5% and 56±0.6% biofilm eradication were observed, respectively but only 40±0.5% eradication was observed when treated with ciprofloxacin alone. Similarly, when combination of levofloxacin at sub MIC of 6 µg/ml was applied with DNase, 95% eradication was observed while only 32±0.8% eradication was observed when treated with levofloxacin alone.</abstract>
<authors>Komal Sharma, Abhishek Prajapati, Mansi Shukla and Shilpa Gupte*</authors>
<keywords>Biofilm, Antibiotic, Enzyme, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Drug resistance</keywords>
<pages>168-178</pages>
</article>
</Journal>
